SQL Server Express 定時備份

● 在 SSMS 建立「預存程序」。

在「資料庫」→「可程式性」→「預存程序」→按滑鼠右鍵→「預存程序」，將以下程式碼貼上，再按「執行」。

-- Copyright ? Microsoft Corporation.  All Rights Reserved. 
-- This code released under the terms of the 
-- Microsoft Public License (MS-PL, http://opensource.org/licenses/ms-pl.html.) 
USE [master]  
GO  
/****** Object:  StoredProcedure [dbo].[sp_BackupDatabases] ******/  
SET ANSI_NULLS ON  
GO  
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON  
GO  
-- =============================================  
-- Author: Microsoft  
-- Create date: 2010-02-06 
-- Description: Backup Databases for SQLExpress 
-- Parameter1: databaseName  
-- Parameter2: backupType F=full, D=differential, L=log 
-- Parameter3: backup file location 
-- ============================================= 
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[sp_BackupDatabases]   
            @databaseName sysname = null, 
            @backupType CHAR(1), 
            @backupLocation nvarchar(200)  
AS  
       SET NOCOUNT ON;  
            DECLARE @DBs TABLE 
            ( 
                  ID int IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY, 
                  DBNAME nvarchar(500) 
            ) 
             -- Pick out only databases which are online in case ALL databases are chosen to be backed up 
             -- If specific database is chosen to be backed up only pick that out from @DBs 
            INSERT INTO @DBs (DBNAME) 
            SELECT Name FROM master.sys.databases 
            where state=0 
            AND name= ISNULL(@databaseName ,name)
            ORDER BY Name
            -- Filter out databases which do not need to backed up 
            IF @backupType='F' 
                  BEGIN 
                  DELETE @DBs where DBNAME IN ('tempdb','Northwind','pubs','AdventureWorks') 
                  END 
            ELSE IF @backupType='D' 
                  BEGIN 
                  DELETE @DBs where DBNAME IN ('tempdb','Northwind','pubs','master','AdventureWorks') 
                  END 
            ELSE IF @backupType='L' 
                  BEGIN 
                  DELETE @DBs where DBNAME IN ('tempdb','Northwind','pubs','master','AdventureWorks') 
                  END 
            ELSE 
                  BEGIN 
                  RETURN 
                  END 
            -- Declare variables 
            DECLARE @BackupName nvarchar(100) 
            DECLARE @BackupFile nvarchar(300) 
            DECLARE @DBNAME nvarchar(300) 
            DECLARE @sqlCommand NVARCHAR(1000)  
	        DECLARE @dateTime NVARCHAR(20) 
            DECLARE @Loop int                   
            -- Loop through the databases one by one 
            SELECT @Loop = min(ID) FROM @DBs 
      WHILE @Loop IS NOT NULL 
      BEGIN 
-- Database Names have to be in [dbname] format since some have - or _ in their name 
      SET @DBNAME = '['+(SELECT DBNAME FROM @DBs WHERE ID = @Loop)+']' 
-- Set the current date and time n yyyyhhmmss format 
      SET @dateTime = REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR, GETDATE(),101),'/','') + '_' +  REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR, GETDATE(),108),':','')   
-- Create backup filename in path\filename.extension format for full,diff and log backups 
      IF @backupType = 'F' 
            SET @BackupFile = @backupLocation+REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME, '[',''),']','')+ '_FULL_'+ @dateTime+ '.BAK' 
      ELSE IF @backupType = 'D' 
            SET @BackupFile = @backupLocation+REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME, '[',''),']','')+ '_DIFF_'+ @dateTime+ '.BAK' 
      ELSE IF @backupType = 'L' 
            SET @BackupFile = @backupLocation+REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME, '[',''),']','')+ '_LOG_'+ @dateTime+ '.TRN' 
-- Provide the backup a name for storing in the media 
      IF @backupType = 'F' 
            SET @BackupName = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME,'[',''),']','') +' full backup for '+ @dateTime 
      IF @backupType = 'D' 
            SET @BackupName = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME,'[',''),']','') +' differential backup for '+ @dateTime 
      IF @backupType = 'L' 
            SET @BackupName = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DBNAME,'[',''),']','') +' log backup for '+ @dateTime 
-- Generate the dynamic SQL command to be executed 
       IF @backupType = 'F'  
                  BEGIN 
               SET @sqlCommand = 'BACKUP DATABASE ' +@DBNAME+  ' TO DISK = '''+@BackupFile+ ''' WITH INIT, NAME= ''' +@BackupName+''', NOSKIP, NOFORMAT' 
                  END 
       IF @backupType = 'D' 
                  BEGIN 
               SET @sqlCommand = 'BACKUP DATABASE ' +@DBNAME+  ' TO DISK = '''+@BackupFile+ ''' WITH DIFFERENTIAL, INIT, NAME= ''' +@BackupName+''', NOSKIP, NOFORMAT'         
                  END 
       IF @backupType = 'L'  
                  BEGIN 
               SET @sqlCommand = 'BACKUP LOG ' +@DBNAME+  ' TO DISK = '''+@BackupFile+ ''' WITH INIT, NAME= ''' +@BackupName+''', NOSKIP, NOFORMAT'         
                  END 
-- Execute the generated SQL command 
       EXEC(@sqlCommand) 
-- Goto the next database 
SELECT @Loop = min(ID) FROM @DBs where ID>@Loop 
END 

● 建立執行備份的批次檔

檔案內容如下，其中 @backupLocation 和 @databaseName 要依實際情況修正。完成後，將此批次檔加入系統排程中。

sqlcmd -S .\SQLEXPRESS -E -Q "EXEC sp_BackupDatabases @backupLocation='D:\SQLBackups\', @databaseName='DB_Name', @backupType='F'"

● 備份到雲端

透過 SQL Server 的「預存程式」來備份資料庫，無法直接備份到雲端，可以透過 XCOPY 指令的批次檔來完成。範例如下：

XCOPY D:\SQLBackups\*.* G:\我的雲端硬碟
XCOPY D:\SQLBackups\*.* C:\Users\User\OneDrive

● 參考資料

在 SQL Server Express 中排程及自動化 SQL Server 資料庫的備份